I dieci

Traces the profiles of the Italian fascist scientists who signed the "Manifesto della razza" in 1938. They were: Lino Businco (pathologist), Lidio Cipriani (anthropologist), Arturo Donaggio (neuropsychiatrist), Leone Franzi (pediatrician), Guido Landra (anthropologist), Nicola Pende (pathologist), Marcello Ricci (zoologist), Franco Savorgnan (demographer), Sabato Visco (physiologist and biologist) and Edoardo Zavattari (zoologist). Their views were characterized by a mixture of biological racism and political nationalism. They set the theoretical foundations for the Racial Laws and endorsed all the racist legislation of Mussolini's regime, which resulted in the marginalization of thousands of Jews and in the deportation and death of 8,000 of them, including many children. Most of these scientists continued with their academic careers after the fall of fascism; they were never held accountable for their deeds.